【非洲·马拉维】维布扎治疗舞蹈仪式 Vimbuza Healing Dance（2008）

维布扎是马拉维北部地区塔布卡族中流行的康复舞蹈。它由传统的医治者表演，用以治疗各种精神疾病。大多数的病人是患西方心理学所谓抑郁症的妇女。病人们由有名望的医者医治，他们建立了一个叫“坦费瑞”的乡村住所，在那里为病人提供数周或数月住宿和治疗。经过具体诊断后，病人要经历一个特殊的康复仪式。为此，村里的孩子和妇女在坦费瑞将渐入迷狂状态的病人围起，演唱一种呼唤神灵的特殊歌曲。男性只有击鼓伴奏的人可以参加仪式，有些情况下，还有男性医师。有时，仪式以“开勒帕”的方式结束，即将一只鸡作为祭品供给医师。仪式可持续整夜或大半天。维布扎康复仪式可以追溯到19 世纪中叶，那时从南非逃离的恩格尼武士入侵马拉维湖地区，塔布卡和其他居民都被征服。维布扎舞蹈便具有了释放所受压迫的含义。后来它在英国殖民统治时期，演变成了康复舞蹈，尽管这被基督教传教士所禁止。那些病人通过神灵附体的癫狂状态，以周围社会所能接受和理解的方式表达自己所经受的精神折磨。今天，维布扎被认为是一种在其他医术无效时的有益补偿。

Vibza is a popular rehabilitation dance among the Tabuka people in the northern part of Malawi. It is performed by traditional healers to treat a variety of mental illnesses. Most of the patients are women with depression in Western psychology. The patients were healed by a prestigious medical practitioner who built a rural home called “Tan Ferry”, where patients were offered weeks and months of accommodation and treatment. After a specific diagnosis, the patient has to undergo a special rehabilitation ceremony. To this end, the children and women in the village surrounded the patients who were gradually mad at Tan Ferry and sang a special song calling for the gods. Men who only have drum accompaniment can participate in the ceremony, and in some cases, male physicians. Sometimes, the ceremony ends in the form of “Kelapa", which is to provide a chicken as a sacrifice to the physician. The ceremony can last for a whole night or a long time. The restoration ceremony of Vibza dates back to the mid-19th century, when the Engani warriors who fled from South Africa invaded the Lake Malawi area, and Tabukka and other residents were conquered. The Vibuza dance has the meaning of releasing the oppression. Later it evolved into a healing dance during British colonial rule, although it was banned by Christian missionaries. Those patients express their mental torture through the mad state of the possession of the gods in a way that the surrounding society can accept and understand. Today, Vibza is considered a useful compensation for other medical ineffectiveness.